Asphaltene dispersants are additives used in fuel oil to prevent the clumping and settling of asphaltenes, which are complex, heavy molecules found in crude oil and some fuel oils. These dispersants work by attaching to the asphaltene molecules, preventing them from aggregating and forming sludge or deposits. This helps maintain fuel quality, prevent blockages in fuel systems, and improve overall fuel performance.

What are asphaltenes?

Asphaltenes are a component of crude oil and some fuel oils, known for their tendency to clump together and form deposits.

Why use dispersants?

Asphaltene deposits can cause issues like clogged fuel filters, reduced engine performance, and increased emissions.

How do they work?

Asphaltene dispersants act as a surfactant, attaching to the asphaltene molecules and preventing them from aggregating into larger particles or deposits.

Benefits

By preventing asphaltene aggregation, dispersants can improve fuel flow, reduce deposits, and enhance overall fuel efficiency and engine performance.

Types of dispersants

Various types of dispersants exist, including those based on aromatic solvents and surface-active agents. Some are ashless liquid additives, offering a range of functionalities beyond just asphaltene dispersion, such as sludge dispersal, fuel blend stabilization, and corrosion inhibition.

Applications

Asphaltene dispersants are commonly used in heavy fuel oils, but can also be found in other petroleum products and fuels where asphaltene stability is a concern.